Add support for custom database type mapping

New pragma qualifier, map, and specifiers: as, to, from. New tests:
<database>/custom.

33 files changed, 2364 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/mssql/custom/driver.cxx b/mssql/custom/driver.cxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b0891d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mssql/custom/driver.cxx
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// file      : mssql/custom/driver.cxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+// Test custom database type mapping in SQL Server.
+//
+
+#include <memory>   // std::auto_ptr
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <odb/mssql/database.hxx>
+#include <odb/mssql/transaction.hxx>
+
+#include <common/common.hxx>
+
+#include "test.hxx"
+#include "test-odb.hxx"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace odb::core;
+
+int
+main (int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+  try
+  {
+    auto_ptr<database> db (create_database (argc, argv));
+
+    object o (1);
+
+#if !defined(MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION) || MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION >= 1000
+    o.p = point (1.1111, 2222222222.2);
+    o.pv.push_back (point (1.1234, 2.2345));
+    o.pv.push_back (point (3.3456, 4.4567));
+    o.pv.push_back (point (0.0000001, 0.000000001)); // Scientific notation.
+#endif
+
+    o.xml = "<root x=\"1\"><a>AAA</a><b>BBB</b><c>CCC</c></root>";
+
+    // Persist.
+    //
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      db->persist (o);
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    // Load.
+    //
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      auto_ptr<object> o1 (db->load<object> (1));
+      t.commit ();
+
+      assert (o == *o1);
+    }
+
+    // Query.
+    //
+    typedef odb::query<object> query;
+    typedef odb::result<object> result;
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+
+#if !defined(MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION) || MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION >= 1000
+      // Point comparison.
+      //
+      {
+        result r (db->query<object> (query::p == o.p));
+        assert (!r.empty ());
+      }
+
+      // Point comparison using native query.
+      //
+      {
+        result r (db->query<object> (
+                    query::p + ".STEquals(" + query::_val (o.p) + ") = 1"));
+        assert (!r.empty ());
+      }
+
+      // Access to individual members.
+      //
+      {
+        result r (db->query<object> (query::p.x == o.p.x));
+        assert (!r.empty ());
+      }
+#endif
+
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    // Update.
+    //
+#if !defined(MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION) || MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION >= 1000
+    o.p.x++;
+    o.p.y--;
+    o.pv[1].x--;
+    o.pv[1].y++;
+#endif
+
+    o.xml = "<root x=\"2\"><a>BBB</a><b>CCC</b><c>DDD</c></root>";
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      db->update (o);
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      auto_ptr<object> o1 (db->load<object> (1));
+      t.commit ();
+
+      assert (o == *o1);
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const odb::exception& e)
+  {
+    cerr << e.what () << endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/mssql/custom/makefile b/mssql/custom/makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27f7823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mssql/custom/makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# file      : mssql/custom/makefile
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+# license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../../build/bootstrap.make
+
+cxx_tun := driver.cxx
+odb_hdr := test.hxx
+cxx_obj := $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(cxx_tun:.cxx=.o) $(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb.o))
+cxx_od  := $(cxx_obj:.o=.o.d)
+
+common.l             := $(out_root)/libcommon/common/common.l
+common.l.cpp-options := $(out_root)/libcommon/common/common.l.cpp-options
+
+driver  := $(out_base)/driver
+dist    := $(out_base)/.dist
+test    := $(out_base)/.test
+clean   := $(out_base)/.clean
+
+# Import.
+#
+$(call import,\
+  $(scf_root)/import/odb/stub.make,\
+  odb: odb,odb-rules: odb_rules)
+
+# Build.
+#
+$(driver): $(cxx_obj) $(common.l)
+$(cxx_obj) $(cxx_od): cpp_options := -I$(out_base) -I$(src_base)
+$(cxx_obj) $(cxx_od): $(common.l.cpp-options)
+
+genf := $(addprefix $(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb),.hxx .ixx .cxx) $(odb_hdr:.hxx=.sql)
+gen  := $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(genf))
+
+$(gen): $(odb)
+$(gen): odb := $(odb)
+$(gen) $(dist): export odb_options += --database mssql --generate-schema \
+--generate-query --hxx-prologue '\#include "traits.hxx"' \
+--hxx-prologue '\#include "query.hxx"' --table-prefix mssql_custom_
+$(gen): cpp_options := -I$(src_base)
+$(gen): $(common.l.cpp-options)
+
+$(call include-dep,$(cxx_od),$(cxx_obj),$(gen))
+
+# Alias for default target.
+#
+$(out_base)/: $(driver)
+
+# Dist
+#
+$(dist): sources := $(cxx_tun)
+$(dist): headers := $(odb_hdr)
+$(dist): export extra_headers := traits.hxx query.hxx
+$(dist): data_dist := test.std
+$(dist): export name := $(subst /,-,$(subst $(src_root)/mssql/,,$(src_base)))
+$(dist): export extra_dist := $(data_dist) $(name)-vc9.vcproj \
+$(name)-vc10.vcxproj $(name)-vc10.vcxproj.filters
+$(dist):
+	$(call dist-data,$(sources) $(headers) $(extra_headers) $(data_dist))
+	$(call meta-automake,../template/Makefile.am)
+	$(call meta-vc9proj,../template/template-vc9.vcproj,$(name)-vc9.vcproj)
+	$(call meta-vc10proj,../template/template-vc10.vcxproj,$(name)-vc10.vcxproj)
+
+# Test.
+#
+$(test): $(driver) $(src_base)/test.std
+	$(call schema)
+	$(call message,test $<,$< --options-file $(dcf_root)/db.options \
+>$(out_base)/test.out)
+	$(call message,,diff -u $(src_base)/test.std $(out_base)/test.out)
+	$(call message,,rm -f $(out_base)/test.out)
+
+# Clean.
+#
+$(clean):                            \
+  $(driver).o.clean                  \
+  $(addsuffix .cxx.clean,$(cxx_obj)) \
+  $(addsuffix .cxx.clean,$(cxx_od))  \
+  $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb.cxx.hxx.clean))
+	$(call message,,rm -f $(out_base)/test.out)
+
+# Generated .gitignore.
+#
+ifeq ($(out_base),$(src_base))
+$(driver): | $(out_base)/.gitignore
+
+$(out_base)/.gitignore: files := driver $(genf)
+$(clean): $(out_base)/.gitignore.clean
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/git/gitignore.make)
+endif
+
+# How to.
+#
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/dist.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/vc9proj.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/vc10proj.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/automake.make)
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/standard.make) # cxx_standard
+ifdef cxx_standard
+$(gen): odb_options += --std $(cxx_standard)
+$(call include,$(odb_rules))
+endif
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/cxx-d.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/cxx-o.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/o-e.make)
+
+# Dependencies.
+#
+$(call import,$(src_root)/libcommon/makefile)
diff --git a/mssql/custom/query.hxx b/mssql/custom/query.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21dee89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mssql/custom/query.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// file      : mssql/custom/query.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef QUERY_HXX
+#define QUERY_HXX
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <odb/mssql/query.hxx>
+
+#include "test.hxx" // point
+
+namespace odb
+{
+  namespace mssql
+  {
+#if !defined(MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION) || MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION >= 1000
+    template <>
+    struct query_column<point, id_string>
+    {
+    private:
+      const char* table_;
+      const char* column_;
+      const char* conversion_;
+
+      unsigned short prec_;
+      unsigned short scale_;
+
+      std::string x_column_;
+      std::string y_column_;
+
+      // Sub-columns for individual members.
+      //
+    public:
+      query_column<double, id_float8> x, y;
+
+      // is_null, is_not_null
+      //
+    public:
+      query
+      is_null () const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "IS NULL";
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      query
+      is_not_null () const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "IS NOT NULL";
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      // =
+      //
+    public:
+      query
+      equal (const point& v) const
+      {
+        return equal (val_bind<point> (v));
+      }
+
+      query
+      equal (val_bind<point> v) const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += ".STEquals(";
+        q.append<point, id_string> (v, conversion_);
+        q += ") = 1";
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      query
+      equal (ref_bind<point> r) const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += ".STEquals(";
+        q.append<point, id_string> (r, conversion_);
+        q += ") = 1";
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const query_column& c, const point& v)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const point& v, const query_column& c)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const query_column& c, val_bind<point> v)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (val_bind<point> v, const query_column& c)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const query_column& c, ref_bind<point> r)
+      {
+        return c.equal (r);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (ref_bind<point> r, const query_column& c)
+      {
+        return c.equal (r);
+      }
+
+      // Column comparison.
+      //
+    public:
+      query
+      operator== (const query_column<point, id_string>& c) const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += ".STEquals(";
+        q.append (c.table (), c.column ());
+        q += ") = 1";
+        return q;
+      }
+
+    public:
+      query_column (const char* table,
+                    const char* column,
+                    const char* conv,
+                    unsigned short prec = 0,
+                    unsigned short scale = 0xFFFF)
+          : table_ (table), column_ (column), conversion_ (conv),
+            prec_ (prec), scale_ (scale),
+            x_column_ (std::string (column) + ".STX"),
+            y_column_ (std::string (column) + ".STY"),
+            x (table, x_column_.c_str (), 0),
+            y (table, y_column_.c_str (), 0)
+      {
+      }
+
+      const char*
+      table () const
+      {
+        return table_;
+      }
+
+      const char*
+      column () const
+      {
+        return column_;
+      }
+
+      const char*
+      conversion () const
+      {
+        return conversion_;
+      }
+
+            unsigned short
+      prec () const
+      {
+        return prec_;
+      }
+
+      unsigned short
+      scale () const
+      {
+        return scale_;
+      }
+    };
+#endif // SQL Server > 2005
+  }
+}
+
+#endif // QUERY_HXX
diff --git a/mssql/custom/test.hxx b/mssql/custom/test.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5548baa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mssql/custom/test.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// file      : mssql/types/test.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef TEST_HXX
+#define TEST_HXX
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <odb/core.hxx>
+
+#if !defined(MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION) || MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION >= 1000
+// Map GEOMETRY SQL Server type to the point C++ struct. The other half
+// of this mapping is in traits.hxx (value_traits<point, id_string>).
+// Note that GEOMETRY is not available in SQL Server 2005.
+//
+#pragma db map type("GEOMETRY")                       \
+               as("VARCHAR(256)")                     \
+               to("GEOMETRY::STGeomFromText((?), 0)") \
+               from("(?).STAsText()")
+
+#pragma db value type("GEOMETRY")
+struct point
+{
+  point () {}
+  point (double x_, double y_): x (x_), y (y_) {}
+
+  double x;
+  double y;
+};
+
+inline bool
+operator== (const point& a, const point& b)
+{
+  return a.x == b.x && a.y == b.y;
+}
+#endif // SQL Server > 2005
+
+// Map XML SQL Server type to std::string (or any other type that provides
+// the value_traits<?, id_long_string> specialization). Note also that
+// another alternative would be to interface with the XML data type using
+// VARBINARY or NVARCHAR. Here we use implicit string to/from XML conversion,
+// however, CAST/CONVERT can be used instead for greater control over
+// whitespace handling, etc.
+//
+#pragma db map type("XML *(\\(.+\\))?") as("VARCHAR(max)")
+
+#pragma db object
+struct object
+{
+  object () {}
+  object (unsigned long id_) : id (id_) {}
+
+  #pragma db id
+  unsigned long id;
+
+#if !defined(MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION) || MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION >= 1000
+  point p;
+  std::vector<point> pv;
+#endif
+
+  #pragma db type("XML")
+  std::string xml;
+
+  bool
+  operator== (const object& y) const
+  {
+    return id == y.id
+#if !defined(MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION) || MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION >= 1000
+      && p == y.p
+      && pv == y.pv
+#endif
+      && xml == y.xml;
+  }
+};
+
+#endif // TEST_HXX
diff --git a/mssql/custom/test.std b/mssql/custom/test.std
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mssql/custom/test.std
diff --git a/mssql/custom/traits.hxx b/mssql/custom/traits.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34081ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mssql/custom/traits.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// file      : mssql/types/traits.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef TRAITS_HXX
+#define TRAITS_HXX
+
+#include <limits>  // std::numeric_limits
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cstring> // std::memcpy
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include <odb/mssql/traits.hxx>
+
+#include "test.hxx" // point
+
+namespace odb
+{
+  namespace mssql
+  {
+#if !defined(MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION) || MSSQL_SERVER_VERSION >= 1000
+    template <>
+    class value_traits<point, id_string>
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef point value_type;
+      typedef point query_type;
+
+      typedef char* image_type;
+
+      static void
+      set_value (point& v,
+                 const char* b,
+                 std::size_t n,
+                 bool is_null)
+      {
+        if (is_null)
+          v = point ();
+        else
+        {
+          // Point format is "POINT (x y)".
+          //
+          std::istringstream is (std::string (b + 7, n - 7));
+
+          is >> v.x;
+          is >> v.y;
+        }
+      }
+
+      static void
+      set_image (char* b,
+                 std::size_t c,
+                 std::size_t& n,
+                 bool& is_null,
+                 const point& v)
+      {
+        is_null = false;
+        std::ostringstream os;
+
+        // The formula for the number of decimla digits required is given in:
+        //
+        // http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/papers/2005/n1822.pdf
+        //
+        os.precision (std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10);
+        // os.precision (2 + std::numeric_limits<double>::digits * 301/1000);
+
+        os << "POINT (" << v.x << ' ' << v.y << ')';
+
+        const std::string& s (os.str ());
+        n = s.size ();
+        assert (n <= c);
+        std::memcpy (b, s.c_str (), n);
+      }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct type_traits<point>
+    {
+      static const database_type_id db_type_id = id_string;
+
+      struct conversion
+      {
+        static const char* to () {return "GEOMETRY::STGeomFromText((?), 0)";}
+      };
+    };
+#endif // SQL Server > 2005
+  }
+}
+
+#endif // TRAITS_HXX
diff --git a/mssql/makefile b/mssql/makefile
index de9390a..2c62cc6 100644
--- a/mssql/makefile
+++ b/mssql/makefile
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../build/bootstrap.make
 
 tests :=      \
 template      \
+custom        \
 native        \
 query         \
 types
diff --git a/mysql/custom/driver.cxx b/mysql/custom/driver.cxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b591095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mysql/custom/driver.cxx
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// file      : mysql/custom/driver.cxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+// Test custom database type mapping in MySQL.
+//
+
+#include <memory>   // std::auto_ptr
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <odb/mysql/database.hxx>
+#include <odb/mysql/transaction.hxx>
+
+#include <common/common.hxx>
+
+#include "test.hxx"
+#include "test-odb.hxx"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace odb::core;
+
+int
+main (int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+  try
+  {
+    auto_ptr<database> db (create_database (argc, argv));
+
+    object o (1);
+    o.p = point (1.1111, 2222222222.2);
+    o.pv.push_back (point (1.1234, 2.2345));
+    o.pv.push_back (point (3.3456, 4.4567));
+    o.pv.push_back (point (0.0000001, 0.000000001)); // Scientific notation.
+
+    // Persist.
+    //
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      db->persist (o);
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    // Load.
+    //
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      auto_ptr<object> o1 (db->load<object> (1));
+      t.commit ();
+
+      assert (o == *o1);
+    }
+
+    // Query.
+    //
+    typedef odb::query<object> query;
+    typedef odb::result<object> result;
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+
+      // Point comparison.
+      //
+      {
+        result r (db->query<object> (query::p == o.p));
+        assert (!r.empty ());
+      }
+
+      // Point comparison using native query.
+      //
+      {
+        result r (db->query<object> (query::p + "=" + query::_val (o.p)));
+        assert (!r.empty ());
+      }
+
+      // Access to individual members.
+      //
+      {
+        result r (db->query<object> (query::p.x == o.p.x));
+        assert (!r.empty ());
+      }
+
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    // Update.
+    //
+    o.p.x++;
+    o.p.y--;
+    o.pv[1].x--;
+    o.pv[1].y++;
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      db->update (o);
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      auto_ptr<object> o1 (db->load<object> (1));
+      t.commit ();
+
+      assert (o == *o1);
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const odb::exception& e)
+  {
+    cerr << e.what () << endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/mysql/custom/makefile b/mysql/custom/makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4edfd2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mysql/custom/makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# file      : mysql/custom/makefile
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+# license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../../build/bootstrap.make
+
+cxx_tun := driver.cxx
+odb_hdr := test.hxx
+cxx_obj := $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(cxx_tun:.cxx=.o) $(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb.o))
+cxx_od  := $(cxx_obj:.o=.o.d)
+
+common.l             := $(out_root)/libcommon/common/common.l
+common.l.cpp-options := $(out_root)/libcommon/common/common.l.cpp-options
+
+driver  := $(out_base)/driver
+dist    := $(out_base)/.dist
+test    := $(out_base)/.test
+clean   := $(out_base)/.clean
+
+# Import.
+#
+$(call import,\
+  $(scf_root)/import/odb/stub.make,\
+  odb: odb,odb-rules: odb_rules)
+
+# Build.
+#
+$(driver): $(cxx_obj) $(common.l)
+$(cxx_obj) $(cxx_od): cpp_options := -I$(out_base) -I$(src_base)
+$(cxx_obj) $(cxx_od): $(common.l.cpp-options)
+
+genf := $(addprefix $(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb),.hxx .ixx .cxx) $(odb_hdr:.hxx=.sql)
+gen  := $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(genf))
+
+$(gen): $(odb)
+$(gen): odb := $(odb)
+$(gen) $(dist): export odb_options += --database mysql --generate-schema \
+--generate-query --hxx-prologue '\#include "traits.hxx"' \
+--hxx-prologue '\#include "query.hxx"' --table-prefix mysql_custom_
+$(gen): cpp_options := -I$(src_base)
+$(gen): $(common.l.cpp-options)
+
+$(call include-dep,$(cxx_od),$(cxx_obj),$(gen))
+
+# Alias for default target.
+#
+$(out_base)/: $(driver)
+
+# Dist
+#
+$(dist): sources := $(cxx_tun)
+$(dist): headers := $(odb_hdr)
+$(dist): export extra_headers := traits.hxx query.hxx
+$(dist): data_dist := test.std
+$(dist): export name := $(subst /,-,$(subst $(src_root)/mysql/,,$(src_base)))
+$(dist): export extra_dist := $(data_dist) $(name)-vc9.vcproj \
+$(name)-vc10.vcxproj $(name)-vc10.vcxproj.filters
+$(dist):
+	$(call dist-data,$(sources) $(headers) $(extra_headers) $(data_dist))
+	$(call meta-automake,../template/Makefile.am)
+	$(call meta-vc9proj,../template/template-vc9.vcproj,$(name)-vc9.vcproj)
+	$(call meta-vc10proj,../template/template-vc10.vcxproj,$(name)-vc10.vcxproj)
+
+# Test.
+#
+$(test): $(driver) $(src_base)/test.std
+	$(call schema)
+	$(call message,test $<,$< --options-file $(dcf_root)/db.options \
+>$(out_base)/test.out)
+	$(call message,,diff -u $(src_base)/test.std $(out_base)/test.out)
+	$(call message,,rm -f $(out_base)/test.out)
+
+# Clean.
+#
+$(clean):                            \
+  $(driver).o.clean                  \
+  $(addsuffix .cxx.clean,$(cxx_obj)) \
+  $(addsuffix .cxx.clean,$(cxx_od))  \
+  $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb.cxx.hxx.clean))
+	$(call message,,rm -f $(out_base)/test.out)
+
+# Generated .gitignore.
+#
+ifeq ($(out_base),$(src_base))
+$(driver): | $(out_base)/.gitignore
+
+$(out_base)/.gitignore: files := driver $(genf)
+$(clean): $(out_base)/.gitignore.clean
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/git/gitignore.make)
+endif
+
+# How to.
+#
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/dist.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/vc9proj.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/vc10proj.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/automake.make)
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/standard.make) # cxx_standard
+ifdef cxx_standard
+$(gen): odb_options += --std $(cxx_standard)
+$(call include,$(odb_rules))
+endif
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/cxx-d.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/cxx-o.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/o-e.make)
+
+# Dependencies.
+#
+$(call import,$(src_root)/libcommon/makefile)
diff --git a/mysql/custom/query.hxx b/mysql/custom/query.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..110624a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mysql/custom/query.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+// file      : mysql/custom/query.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef QUERY_HXX
+#define QUERY_HXX
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <odb/mysql/query.hxx>
+
+#include "test.hxx" // point
+
+namespace odb
+{
+  namespace mysql
+  {
+    template <>
+    struct query_column<point, id_string>
+    {
+    private:
+      const char* table_;
+      const char* column_;
+      const char* conversion_;
+
+      std::string x_table_;
+      std::string y_table_;
+      std::string s_column_;
+
+      // Sub-columns for individual members.
+      //
+    public:
+      query_column<double, id_double> x, y;
+
+      // is_null, is_not_null
+      //
+    public:
+      query
+      is_null () const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "IS NULL";
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      query
+      is_not_null () const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "IS NOT NULL";
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      // =
+      //
+    public:
+      query
+      equal (const point& v) const
+      {
+        return equal (val_bind<point> (v));
+      }
+
+      query
+      equal (val_bind<point> v) const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "=";
+        q.append<point, id_string> (v, conversion_);
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      query
+      equal (ref_bind<point> r) const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "=";
+        q.append<point, id_string> (r, conversion_);
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const query_column& c, const point& v)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const point& v, const query_column& c)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const query_column& c, val_bind<point> v)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (val_bind<point> v, const query_column& c)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const query_column& c, ref_bind<point> r)
+      {
+        return c.equal (r);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (ref_bind<point> r, const query_column& c)
+      {
+        return c.equal (r);
+      }
+
+      // Column comparison.
+      //
+    public:
+      query
+      operator== (const query_column<point, id_string>& c) const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "=";
+        q.append (c.table (), c.column ());
+        return q;
+      }
+
+    public:
+      query_column (const char* table, const char* column, const char* conv)
+          : table_ (table), column_ (column), conversion_ (conv),
+            x_table_ ("X(" + std::string (table)), // @@ Not very clean.
+            y_table_ ("Y(" + std::string (table)),
+            s_column_ (std::string (column) + ")"), // X & Y column suffix.
+            x (x_table_.c_str (), s_column_.c_str (), 0),
+            y (y_table_.c_str (), s_column_.c_str (), 0)
+      {
+      }
+
+      const char*
+      table () const
+      {
+        return table_;
+      }
+
+      const char*
+      column () const
+      {
+        return column_;
+      }
+
+      const char*
+      conversion () const
+      {
+        return conversion_;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif // QUERY_HXX
diff --git a/mysql/custom/test.hxx b/mysql/custom/test.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d739a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mysql/custom/test.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// file      : mysql/custom/test.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef TEST_HXX
+#define TEST_HXX
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <odb/core.hxx>
+
+// Map GEOMETRY MySQL type to the point C++ struct. The other half
+// of this mapping is in traits.hxx (value_traits<point, id_string>).
+//
+#pragma db map type("GEOMETRY")        \
+               as("VARCHAR(256)")      \
+               to("GeomFromText((?))") \
+               from("AsText((?))")
+
+#pragma db value type("GEOMETRY")
+struct point
+{
+  point () {}
+  point (double x_, double y_): x (x_), y (y_) {}
+
+  double x;
+  double y;
+};
+
+inline bool
+operator== (const point& a, const point& b)
+{
+  return a.x == b.x && a.y == b.y;
+}
+
+#pragma db object
+struct object
+{
+  object () {}
+  object (unsigned long id_) : id (id_) {}
+
+  #pragma db id
+  unsigned long id;
+
+  point p;
+  std::vector<point> pv;
+
+  bool
+  operator== (const object& y) const
+  {
+    return id == y.id && p == y.p && pv == y.pv;
+  }
+};
+
+#endif // TEST_HXX
diff --git a/mysql/custom/test.std b/mysql/custom/test.std
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mysql/custom/test.std
diff --git a/mysql/custom/traits.hxx b/mysql/custom/traits.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf4ceb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mysql/custom/traits.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// file      : mysql/types/traits.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef TRAITS_HXX
+#define TRAITS_HXX
+
+#include <limits>  // std::numeric_limits
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cstring> // std::memcpy
+
+#include <odb/mysql/traits.hxx>
+
+#include "test.hxx" // point
+
+namespace odb
+{
+  namespace mysql
+  {
+        template <>
+    class value_traits<point, id_string>
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef point value_type;
+      typedef point query_type;
+
+      typedef char* image_type;
+
+      static void
+      set_value (point& v,
+                 const details::buffer& b,
+                 std::size_t n,
+                 bool is_null)
+      {
+        if (is_null)
+          v = point ();
+        else
+        {
+          // Point format is "POINT(x y)".
+          //
+          std::istringstream is (std::string (b.data () + 6, n - 6));
+
+          is >> v.x;
+          is >> v.y;
+        }
+      }
+
+      static void
+      set_image (details::buffer& b,
+                 std::size_t& n,
+                 bool& is_null,
+                 const point& v)
+      {
+        is_null = false;
+        std::ostringstream os;
+
+        // The formula for the number of decimla digits required is given in:
+        //
+        // http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/papers/2005/n1822.pdf
+        //
+        os.precision (std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10);
+        // os.precision (2 + std::numeric_limits<double>::digits * 301/1000);
+
+        os << "POINT(" << v.x << ' ' << v.y << ')';
+
+        const std::string& s (os.str ());
+        n = s.size ();
+
+        if (n > b.capacity ())
+          b.capacity (n);
+
+        std::memcpy (b.data (), s.c_str (), n);
+      }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct type_traits<point>
+    {
+      static const database_type_id db_type_id = id_string;
+
+      struct conversion
+      {
+        static const char* to () {return "GeomFromText((?))";}
+      };
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif // TRAITS_HXX
diff --git a/mysql/makefile b/mysql/makefile
index 1872888..b3fc74f 100644
--- a/mysql/makefile
+++ b/mysql/makefile
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../build/bootstrap.make
 
 tests :=      \
 template      \
+custom        \
 native        \
 truncation    \
 types
diff --git a/oracle/custom/custom.sql b/oracle/custom/custom.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3200e74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/oracle/custom/custom.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/* This file contains custom type definitions and helper functions.
+ */
+
+SET FEEDBACK OFF;
+WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT FAILURE;
+WHENEVER OSERROR EXIT FAILURE;
+
+-- @@ Temporary workaround: we cannot replace a type if there are
+--    tables that use it. So need to drop the tables first, then
+--    create/replace the type, and then create the tables.
+--
+--CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE Numbers AS VARRAY(100) OF NUMBER(10);
+
+BEGIN
+  BEGIN
+    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TYPE Numbers AS VARRAY(100) OF NUMBER(10)';
+  EXCEPTION
+    WHEN OTHERS THEN
+      IF SQLCODE != -955 THEN RAISE; END IF;
+  END;
+END;
+/
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION string_to_numbers(in_str IN VARCHAR2) RETURN Numbers
+IS
+  ret          Numbers := Numbers();
+  s_pos        NUMBER := 1;
+  e_pos	       NUMBER := 0;
+BEGIN
+   IF in_str IS NOT NULL THEN
+     LOOP
+       e_pos := INSTR(in_str, ',', s_pos);
+       EXIT WHEN e_pos = 0;
+       ret.extend;
+       ret(ret.COUNT) := CAST(SUBSTR(in_str, s_pos, e_pos - s_pos) AS NUMBER);
+       s_pos := e_pos + 1;
+     END LOOP;
+     ret.extend;
+     ret(ret.COUNT) := CAST(SUBSTR(in_str, s_pos) AS NUMBER);
+   END IF;
+   RETURN ret;
+END;
+/
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION numbers_to_string(in_nums IN Numbers) RETURN VARCHAR2
+IS
+  ret          VARCHAR2(1500);
+BEGIN
+  IF in_nums.COUNT != 0 THEN
+    FOR i IN in_nums.FIRST .. in_nums.LAST LOOP
+      IF i != in_nums.FIRST THEN
+        ret := ret || ',';
+      END IF;
+      ret := ret || in_nums(i);
+    END LOOP;
+  END IF;
+  RETURN ret;
+END;
+/
+
+EXIT;
diff --git a/oracle/custom/driver.cxx b/oracle/custom/driver.cxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2425b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/oracle/custom/driver.cxx
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// file      : oracle/custom/driver.cxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+// Test custom database type mapping in Oracle.
+//
+
+#include <memory>   // std::auto_ptr
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <odb/oracle/database.hxx>
+#include <odb/oracle/transaction.hxx>
+
+#include <common/common.hxx>
+
+#include "test.hxx"
+#include "test-odb.hxx"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace odb::core;
+
+int
+main (int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+  try
+  {
+    auto_ptr<database> db (create_database (argc, argv));
+
+    object o (1);
+    o.iv.push_back (123);
+    o.iv.push_back (234);
+    o.iv.push_back (-345);
+
+    // Persist.
+    //
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      db->persist (o);
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    // Load.
+    //
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      auto_ptr<object> o1 (db->load<object> (1));
+      t.commit ();
+
+      assert (o == *o1);
+    }
+
+    // Update.
+    //
+    o.iv[0]++;
+    o.iv.pop_back ();
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      db->update (o);
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      auto_ptr<object> o1 (db->load<object> (1));
+      t.commit ();
+
+      assert (o == *o1);
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const odb::exception& e)
+  {
+    cerr << e.what () << endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/oracle/custom/makefile b/oracle/custom/makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97cdb2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/oracle/custom/makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# file      : oracle/custom/makefile
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+# license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../../build/bootstrap.make
+
+cxx_tun := driver.cxx
+odb_hdr := test.hxx
+cxx_obj := $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(cxx_tun:.cxx=.o) $(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb.o))
+cxx_od  := $(cxx_obj:.o=.o.d)
+
+common.l             := $(out_root)/libcommon/common/common.l
+common.l.cpp-options := $(out_root)/libcommon/common/common.l.cpp-options
+
+driver  := $(out_base)/driver
+dist    := $(out_base)/.dist
+test    := $(out_base)/.test
+clean   := $(out_base)/.clean
+
+# Import.
+#
+$(call import,\
+  $(scf_root)/import/odb/stub.make,\
+  odb: odb,odb-rules: odb_rules)
+
+# Build.
+#
+$(driver): $(cxx_obj) $(common.l)
+$(cxx_obj) $(cxx_od): cpp_options := -I$(out_base) -I$(src_base)
+$(cxx_obj) $(cxx_od): $(common.l.cpp-options)
+
+genf := $(addprefix $(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb),.hxx .ixx .cxx) $(odb_hdr:.hxx=.sql)
+gen  := $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(genf))
+
+$(gen): $(odb)
+$(gen): odb := $(odb)
+$(gen) $(dist): export odb_options += --database oracle --generate-schema \
+--generate-query --hxx-prologue '\#include "traits.hxx"' \
+--table-prefix oracle_custom_
+$(gen): cpp_options := -I$(src_base)
+$(gen): $(common.l.cpp-options)
+
+$(call include-dep,$(cxx_od),$(cxx_obj),$(gen))
+
+# Alias for default target.
+#
+$(out_base)/: $(driver)
+
+# Dist
+#
+$(dist): sources := $(cxx_tun)
+$(dist): headers := $(odb_hdr)
+$(dist): export extra_headers := traits.hxx custom.sql
+$(dist): data_dist := test.std
+$(dist): export name := $(subst /,-,$(subst $(src_root)/oracle/,,$(src_base)))
+$(dist): export extra_dist := $(data_dist) $(name)-vc9.vcproj \
+$(name)-vc10.vcxproj $(name)-vc10.vcxproj.filters
+$(dist):
+	$(call dist-data,$(sources) $(headers) $(extra_headers) $(data_dist))
+	$(call meta-automake,../template/Makefile.am)
+	$(call meta-vc9proj,../template/template-vc9.vcproj,$(name)-vc9.vcproj)
+	$(call meta-vc10proj,../template/template-vc10.vcxproj,$(name)-vc10.vcxproj)
+
+# Test.
+#
+$(test): $(driver) $(src_base)/test.std
+	$(call schema, custom.sql)
+	$(call message,test $<,$< --options-file $(dcf_root)/db.options \
+>$(out_base)/test.out)
+	$(call message,,diff -u $(src_base)/test.std $(out_base)/test.out)
+	$(call message,,rm -f $(out_base)/test.out)
+
+# Clean.
+#
+$(clean):                            \
+  $(driver).o.clean                  \
+  $(addsuffix .cxx.clean,$(cxx_obj)) \
+  $(addsuffix .cxx.clean,$(cxx_od))  \
+  $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb.cxx.hxx.clean))
+	$(call message,,rm -f $(out_base)/test.out)
+
+# Generated .gitignore.
+#
+ifeq ($(out_base),$(src_base))
+$(driver): | $(out_base)/.gitignore
+
+$(out_base)/.gitignore: files := driver $(genf)
+$(clean): $(out_base)/.gitignore.clean
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/git/gitignore.make)
+endif
+
+# How to.
+#
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/dist.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/vc9proj.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/vc10proj.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/automake.make)
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/standard.make) # cxx_standard
+ifdef cxx_standard
+$(gen): odb_options += --std $(cxx_standard)
+$(call include,$(odb_rules))
+endif
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/cxx-d.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/cxx-o.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/o-e.make)
+
+# Dependencies.
+#
+$(call import,$(src_root)/libcommon/makefile)
diff --git a/oracle/custom/test.hxx b/oracle/custom/test.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc46512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/oracle/custom/test.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// file      : oracle/custom/test.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef TEST_HXX
+#define TEST_HXX
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <odb/core.hxx>
+
+// Map Numbers VARRAY Oracle type to std::vector<int>. This type is defined
+// in the custom.sql file along with two helper functions that convert
+// between Numbers and its string representation. The other half of this
+// mapping is in traits.hxx (value_traits<std::vector<int>, id_string>).
+//
+#pragma db map type("Numbers")                               \
+               as("VARCHAR2(1500)")                          \
+               to("CAST(string_to_numbers((?)) AS Numbers)") \
+               from("numbers_to_string((?))")
+
+#pragma db object
+struct object
+{
+  object () {}
+  object (unsigned long id_) : id (id_) {}
+
+  #pragma db id
+  unsigned long id;
+
+  #pragma db type("Numbers")
+  std::vector<int> iv;
+
+  bool
+  operator== (const object& y) const
+  {
+    return id == y.id && iv == y.iv;
+  }
+};
+
+#endif // TEST_HXX
diff --git a/oracle/custom/test.std b/oracle/custom/test.std
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/oracle/custom/test.std
diff --git a/oracle/custom/traits.hxx b/oracle/custom/traits.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f3e81e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/oracle/custom/traits.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// file      : oracle/types/traits.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef TRAITS_HXX
+#define TRAITS_HXX
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cstring> // std::memcpy
+#include <cassert> // std::memcpy
+
+#include <odb/oracle/traits.hxx>
+
+namespace odb
+{
+  namespace oracle
+  {
+
+        template <>
+    class value_traits<std::vector<int>, id_string>
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef std::vector<int> value_type;
+      typedef value_type query_type;
+      typedef details::buffer image_type;
+
+      static void
+      set_value (value_type& v,
+                 const char* b,
+                 std::size_t n,
+                 bool is_null)
+      {
+        v.clear ();
+
+        if (!is_null)
+        {
+          // Array format is "n1,n2,n3...".
+          //
+          std::istringstream is (std::string (b, n));
+
+          for (char c; !is.eof (); is >> c)
+          {
+            v.push_back (int ());
+            is >> v.back ();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      static void
+      set_image (char* b,
+                 std::size_t c,
+                 std::size_t& n,
+                 bool& is_null,
+                 const value_type& v)
+      {
+        is_null = false;
+        std::ostringstream os;
+
+        for (value_type::const_iterator i (v.begin ()), e (v.end ()); i != e;)
+        {
+          os << *i;
+
+          if (++i != e)
+            os << ',';
+        }
+
+        const std::string& s (os.str ());
+        n = s.size ();
+        assert (n <= c);
+        std::memcpy (b, s.c_str (), n);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif // TRAITS_HXX
diff --git a/oracle/makefile b/oracle/makefile
index 5f29177..0ed2e3c 100644
--- a/oracle/makefile
+++ b/oracle/makefile
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../build/bootstrap.make
 
 tests :=      \
 template      \
+custom        \
 native        \
 types
 
diff --git a/pgsql/custom/driver.cxx b/pgsql/custom/driver.cxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1f70f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgsql/custom/driver.cxx
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// file      : pgsql/custom/driver.cxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+// Test custom database type mapping in PostgreSQL.
+//
+
+#include <memory>   // std::auto_ptr
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <odb/pgsql/database.hxx>
+#include <odb/pgsql/transaction.hxx>
+
+#include <common/common.hxx>
+
+#include "test.hxx"
+#include "test-odb.hxx"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace odb::core;
+
+int
+main (int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+  try
+  {
+    auto_ptr<database> db (create_database (argc, argv));
+
+    object o (1);
+    o.p = point (1.1111, 2222222222.2);
+    o.pv.push_back (point (1.1234, 2.2345));
+    o.pv.push_back (point (3.3456, 4.4567));
+    o.pv.push_back (point (0.0000001, 0.000000001)); // Scientific notation.
+
+    o.n1 = "23.5154";
+    o.n2 = "235154";
+    o.n3 = "2222222222222222222222222222.111111111111111111111111111111";
+
+    o.iv.push_back (123);
+    o.iv.push_back (234);
+    o.iv.push_back (-345);
+
+    // Persist.
+    //
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      db->persist (o);
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    // Load.
+    //
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      auto_ptr<object> o1 (db->load<object> (1));
+      t.commit ();
+
+      assert (o == *o1);
+    }
+
+    // Query.
+    //
+    typedef odb::query<object> query;
+    typedef odb::result<object> result;
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+
+      // Point comparison.
+      //
+      {
+        result r (db->query<object> (query::p == o.p));
+        assert (!r.empty ());
+      }
+
+      // Point comparison using native query.
+      //
+      {
+        result r (db->query<object> (query::p + "~=" + query::_val (o.p)));
+        assert (!r.empty ());
+      }
+
+      // Access to individual members.
+      //
+      {
+        result r (db->query<object> (query::p.x == o.p.x));
+        assert (!r.empty ());
+      }
+
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    // Update.
+    //
+    o.p.x++;
+    o.p.y--;
+    o.pv[1].x--;
+    o.pv[1].y++;
+    o.n3 += "999";
+    o.iv[0]++;
+    o.iv.pop_back ();
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      db->update (o);
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      auto_ptr<object> o1 (db->load<object> (1));
+      t.commit ();
+
+      assert (o == *o1);
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const odb::exception& e)
+  {
+    cerr << e.what () << endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/pgsql/custom/makefile b/pgsql/custom/makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30ce36d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgsql/custom/makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# file      : pgsql/custom/makefile
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+# license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../../build/bootstrap.make
+
+cxx_tun := driver.cxx
+odb_hdr := test.hxx
+cxx_obj := $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(cxx_tun:.cxx=.o) $(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb.o))
+cxx_od  := $(cxx_obj:.o=.o.d)
+
+common.l             := $(out_root)/libcommon/common/common.l
+common.l.cpp-options := $(out_root)/libcommon/common/common.l.cpp-options
+
+driver  := $(out_base)/driver
+dist    := $(out_base)/.dist
+test    := $(out_base)/.test
+clean   := $(out_base)/.clean
+
+# Import.
+#
+$(call import,\
+  $(scf_root)/import/odb/stub.make,\
+  odb: odb,odb-rules: odb_rules)
+
+# Build.
+#
+$(driver): $(cxx_obj) $(common.l)
+$(cxx_obj) $(cxx_od): cpp_options := -I$(out_base) -I$(src_base)
+$(cxx_obj) $(cxx_od): $(common.l.cpp-options)
+
+genf := $(addprefix $(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb),.hxx .ixx .cxx) $(odb_hdr:.hxx=.sql)
+gen  := $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(genf))
+
+$(gen): $(odb)
+$(gen): odb := $(odb)
+$(gen) $(dist): export odb_options += --database pgsql --generate-schema \
+--generate-query --hxx-prologue '\#include "traits.hxx"' \
+--hxx-prologue '\#include "query.hxx"' --table-prefix pgsql_custom_
+$(gen): cpp_options := -I$(src_base)
+$(gen): $(common.l.cpp-options)
+
+$(call include-dep,$(cxx_od),$(cxx_obj),$(gen))
+
+# Alias for default target.
+#
+$(out_base)/: $(driver)
+
+# Dist
+#
+$(dist): sources := $(cxx_tun)
+$(dist): headers := $(odb_hdr)
+$(dist): export extra_headers := traits.hxx query.hxx
+$(dist): data_dist := test.std
+$(dist): export name := $(subst /,-,$(subst $(src_root)/pgsql/,,$(src_base)))
+$(dist): export extra_dist := $(data_dist) $(name)-vc9.vcproj \
+$(name)-vc10.vcxproj $(name)-vc10.vcxproj.filters
+$(dist):
+	$(call dist-data,$(sources) $(headers) $(extra_headers) $(data_dist))
+	$(call meta-automake,../template/Makefile.am)
+	$(call meta-vc9proj,../template/template-vc9.vcproj,$(name)-vc9.vcproj)
+	$(call meta-vc10proj,../template/template-vc10.vcxproj,$(name)-vc10.vcxproj)
+
+# Test.
+#
+$(test): $(driver) $(src_base)/test.std
+	$(call schema)
+	$(call message,test $<,$< --options-file $(dcf_root)/db.options \
+>$(out_base)/test.out)
+	$(call message,,diff -u $(src_base)/test.std $(out_base)/test.out)
+	$(call message,,rm -f $(out_base)/test.out)
+
+# Clean.
+#
+$(clean):                            \
+  $(driver).o.clean                  \
+  $(addsuffix .cxx.clean,$(cxx_obj)) \
+  $(addsuffix .cxx.clean,$(cxx_od))  \
+  $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb.cxx.hxx.clean))
+	$(call message,,rm -f $(out_base)/test.out)
+
+# Generated .gitignore.
+#
+ifeq ($(out_base),$(src_base))
+$(driver): | $(out_base)/.gitignore
+
+$(out_base)/.gitignore: files := driver $(genf)
+$(clean): $(out_base)/.gitignore.clean
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/git/gitignore.make)
+endif
+
+# How to.
+#
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/dist.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/vc9proj.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/vc10proj.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/automake.make)
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/standard.make) # cxx_standard
+ifdef cxx_standard
+$(gen): odb_options += --std $(cxx_standard)
+$(call include,$(odb_rules))
+endif
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/cxx-d.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/cxx-o.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/o-e.make)
+
+# Dependencies.
+#
+$(call import,$(src_root)/libcommon/makefile)
diff --git a/pgsql/custom/query.hxx b/pgsql/custom/query.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b29b45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgsql/custom/query.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// file      : pgsql/custom/query.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef QUERY_HXX
+#define QUERY_HXX
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <odb/pgsql/query.hxx>
+
+#include "test.hxx" // point
+
+namespace odb
+{
+  namespace pgsql
+  {
+    template <>
+    struct query_column<point, id_string>
+    {
+    private:
+      const char* table_;
+      const char* column_;
+      const char* conversion_;
+
+      std::string x_column_;
+      std::string y_column_;
+
+      // Sub-columns for individual members.
+      //
+    public:
+      query_column<double, id_double> x, y;
+
+      // is_null, is_not_null
+      //
+    public:
+      query
+      is_null () const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "IS NULL";
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      query
+      is_not_null () const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "IS NOT NULL";
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      // =
+      //
+    public:
+      query
+      equal (const point& v) const
+      {
+        return equal (val_bind<point> (v));
+      }
+
+      query
+      equal (val_bind<point> v) const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "~=";
+        q.append<point, id_string> (v, conversion_);
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      query
+      equal (ref_bind<point> r) const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "~=";
+        q.append<point, id_string> (r, conversion_);
+        return q;
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const query_column& c, const point& v)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const point& v, const query_column& c)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const query_column& c, val_bind<point> v)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (val_bind<point> v, const query_column& c)
+      {
+        return c.equal (v);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (const query_column& c, ref_bind<point> r)
+      {
+        return c.equal (r);
+      }
+
+      friend query
+      operator== (ref_bind<point> r, const query_column& c)
+      {
+        return c.equal (r);
+      }
+
+      // Column comparison.
+      //
+    public:
+      query
+      operator== (const query_column<point, id_string>& c) const
+      {
+        query q (table_, column_);
+        q += "~=";
+        q.append (c.table (), c.column ());
+        return q;
+      }
+
+    public:
+      query_column (const char* table, const char* column, const char* conv)
+          : table_ (table), column_ (column), conversion_ (conv),
+            x_column_ (std::string (column) + "[0]"),
+            y_column_ (std::string (column) + "[1]"),
+            x (table, x_column_.c_str (), 0),
+            y (table, y_column_.c_str (), 0)
+      {
+      }
+
+      const char*
+      table () const
+      {
+        return table_;
+      }
+
+      const char*
+      column () const
+      {
+        return column_;
+      }
+
+      const char*
+      conversion () const
+      {
+        return conversion_;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif // QUERY_HXX
diff --git a/pgsql/custom/test.hxx b/pgsql/custom/test.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f83031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgsql/custom/test.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// file      : pgsql/custom/test.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef TEST_HXX
+#define TEST_HXX
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <odb/core.hxx>
+
+// Map POINT PostgreSQL type to the point C++ struct. The other half
+// of this mapping is in traits.hxx (value_traits<point, id_string>).
+//
+#pragma db map type("POINT") as("TEXT") to("(?)::POINT") from("(?)::TEXT")
+
+#pragma db value type("POINT")
+struct point
+{
+  point () {}
+  point (double x_, double y_): x (x_), y (y_) {}
+
+  double x;
+  double y;
+};
+
+inline bool
+operator== (const point& a, const point& b)
+{
+  return a.x == b.x && a.y == b.y;
+}
+
+// Map NUMERIC PostgreSQL type to std::string (or any other type that
+// provides the value_traits<?, id_string> specialization).
+//
+#pragma db map type("NUMERIC *(\\(.+\\))?") \
+               as("TEXT")                   \
+               to("(?)::NUMERIC$1")         \
+               from("(?)::TEXT")
+
+// Map INTEGER[] PostgreSQL type to std::vector<int>. The other half of
+// this mapping is in traits.hxx (value_traits<std::vector<int>, id_string>).
+//
+#pragma db map type("INTEGER *\\[(\\d+)\\]") \
+               as("TEXT")                    \
+               to("(?)::INTEGER[$1]")        \
+               from("(?)::TEXT")
+
+#pragma db object
+struct object
+{
+  object () {}
+  object (unsigned long id_) : id (id_) {}
+
+  #pragma db id
+  unsigned long id;
+
+  point p;
+  std::vector<point> pv;
+
+  #pragma db type("NUMERIC(6, 4)")
+  std::string n1;
+
+  #pragma db type("NUMERIC(6)")
+  std::string n2;
+
+  #pragma db type("NUMERIC")
+  std::string n3;
+
+  #pragma db type("INTEGER [123]")
+  std::vector<int> iv;
+
+  bool
+  operator== (const object& y) const
+  {
+    return id == y.id &&
+           p == y.p   &&
+           pv == y.pv &&
+           n1 == y.n1 &&
+           n2 == y.n2 &&
+           n3 == y.n3 &&
+           iv == y.iv;
+  }
+};
+
+#endif // TEST_HXX
diff --git a/pgsql/custom/test.std b/pgsql/custom/test.std
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgsql/custom/test.std
diff --git a/pgsql/custom/traits.hxx b/pgsql/custom/traits.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..800bfdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pgsql/custom/traits.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// file      : pgsql/custom/traits.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef TRAITS_HXX
+#define TRAITS_HXX
+
+#include <limits>  // std::numeric_limits
+#include <vector>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cstring> // std::memcpy
+
+#include <odb/pgsql/traits.hxx>
+
+#include "test.hxx" // point
+
+namespace odb
+{
+  namespace pgsql
+  {
+    template <>
+    class value_traits<point, id_string>
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef point value_type;
+      typedef point query_type;
+      typedef details::buffer image_type;
+
+      static void
+      set_value (point& v,
+                 const details::buffer& b,
+                 std::size_t n,
+                 bool is_null)
+      {
+        if (is_null)
+          v = point ();
+        else
+        {
+          // Point format is "(x,y)".
+          //
+          char c;
+          std::istringstream is (std::string (b.data (), n));
+
+          is >> c;    // '('
+          is >> v.x;
+          is >> c;    // ','
+          is >> v.y;
+        }
+      }
+
+      static void
+      set_image (details::buffer& b,
+                 std::size_t& n,
+                 bool& is_null,
+                 const point& v)
+      {
+        is_null = false;
+        std::ostringstream os;
+
+        // The formula for the number of decimla digits required is given in:
+        //
+        // http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/papers/2005/n1822.pdf
+        //
+        os.precision (std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10);
+        // os.precision (2 + std::numeric_limits<double>::digits * 301/1000);
+
+        os << '(' << v.x << ',' << v.y << ')';
+
+        const std::string& s (os.str ());
+        n = s.size ();
+
+        if (n > b.capacity ())
+          b.capacity (n);
+
+        std::memcpy (b.data (), s.c_str (), n);
+      }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct type_traits<point>
+    {
+      static const database_type_id db_type_id = id_string;
+
+      struct conversion
+      {
+        static const char* to () {return "(?)::POINT";}
+      };
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    class value_traits<std::vector<int>, id_string>
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef std::vector<int> value_type;
+      typedef value_type query_type;
+      typedef details::buffer image_type;
+
+      static void
+      set_value (value_type& v,
+                 const details::buffer& b,
+                 std::size_t n,
+                 bool is_null)
+      {
+        v.clear ();
+
+        if (!is_null)
+        {
+          // Array format is "{n1,n2,n3...}".
+          //
+          char c;
+          std::istringstream is (std::string (b.data (), n));
+
+          is >> c; // '{'
+
+          for (c = static_cast<char> (is.peek ()); c != '}'; is >> c)
+          {
+            v.push_back (int ());
+            is >> v.back ();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      static void
+      set_image (details::buffer& b,
+                 std::size_t& n,
+                 bool& is_null,
+                 const value_type& v)
+      {
+        is_null = false;
+        std::ostringstream os;
+
+        os << '{';
+
+        for (value_type::const_iterator i (v.begin ()), e (v.end ()); i != e;)
+        {
+          os << *i;
+
+          if (++i != e)
+            os << ',';
+        }
+
+        os << '}';
+
+        const std::string& s (os.str ());
+        n = s.size ();
+
+        if (n > b.capacity ())
+          b.capacity (n);
+
+        std::memcpy (b.data (), s.c_str (), n);
+      }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct type_traits<std::vector<int> >
+    {
+      static const database_type_id db_type_id = id_string;
+
+      struct conversion
+      {
+        static const char* to () {return "(?)::INTEGER[]";}
+      };
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif // TRAITS_HXX
diff --git a/pgsql/makefile b/pgsql/makefile
index 6add9be..852e017 100644
--- a/pgsql/makefile
+++ b/pgsql/makefile
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../build/bootstrap.make
 
 tests :=      \
 template      \
+custom        \
 native        \
 truncation    \
 types
diff --git a/sqlite/custom/driver.cxx b/sqlite/custom/driver.cxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e387b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sqlite/custom/driver.cxx
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// file      : sqlite/custom/driver.cxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+// Test custom database type mapping in SQLite.
+//
+
+#include <memory>   // std::auto_ptr
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <odb/sqlite/database.hxx>
+#include <odb/sqlite/transaction.hxx>
+
+#include <common/common.hxx>
+
+#include "test.hxx"
+#include "test-odb.hxx"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace odb::core;
+
+int
+main (int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+  try
+  {
+    auto_ptr<database> db (create_database (argc, argv));
+
+    object o (1);
+    o.nv.push_back ("123");  // INTEGER
+    o.nv.push_back ("1.23"); // REAL
+    o.nv.push_back ("abc");  // TEXT
+
+    // Persist.
+    //
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      db->persist (o);
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    // Load.
+    //
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      auto_ptr<object> o1 (db->load<object> (1));
+      t.commit ();
+
+      assert (o == *o1);
+    }
+
+    // Update.
+    //
+    o.nv[1] += "4";
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      db->update (o);
+      t.commit ();
+    }
+
+    {
+      transaction t (db->begin ());
+      auto_ptr<object> o1 (db->load<object> (1));
+      t.commit ();
+
+      assert (o == *o1);
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const odb::exception& e)
+  {
+    cerr << e.what () << endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/sqlite/custom/makefile b/sqlite/custom/makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5de140f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sqlite/custom/makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# file      : sqlite/custom/makefile
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+# license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../../build/bootstrap.make
+
+cxx_tun := driver.cxx
+odb_hdr := test.hxx
+cxx_obj := $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(cxx_tun:.cxx=.o) $(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb.o))
+cxx_od  := $(cxx_obj:.o=.o.d)
+
+common.l             := $(out_root)/libcommon/common/common.l
+common.l.cpp-options := $(out_root)/libcommon/common/common.l.cpp-options
+
+driver  := $(out_base)/driver
+dist    := $(out_base)/.dist
+test    := $(out_base)/.test
+clean   := $(out_base)/.clean
+
+# Import.
+#
+$(call import,\
+  $(scf_root)/import/odb/stub.make,\
+  odb: odb,odb-rules: odb_rules)
+
+# Build.
+#
+$(driver): $(cxx_obj) $(common.l)
+$(cxx_obj) $(cxx_od): cpp_options := -I$(out_base) -I$(src_base)
+$(cxx_obj) $(cxx_od): $(common.l.cpp-options)
+
+genf := $(addprefix $(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb),.hxx .ixx .cxx) $(odb_hdr:.hxx=.sql)
+gen  := $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(genf))
+
+$(gen): $(odb)
+$(gen): odb := $(odb)
+$(gen) $(dist): export odb_options += --database sqlite --generate-schema \
+--generate-query --table-prefix sqlitex_custom_
+$(gen): cpp_options := -I$(src_base)
+$(gen): $(common.l.cpp-options)
+
+$(call include-dep,$(cxx_od),$(cxx_obj),$(gen))
+
+# Alias for default target.
+#
+$(out_base)/: $(driver)
+
+# Dist
+#
+$(dist): sources := $(cxx_tun)
+$(dist): headers := $(odb_hdr)
+$(dist): data_dist := test.std
+$(dist): export name := $(subst /,-,$(subst $(src_root)/sqlite/,,$(src_base)))
+$(dist): export extra_dist := $(data_dist) $(name)-vc9.vcproj \
+$(name)-vc10.vcxproj $(name)-vc10.vcxproj.filters
+$(dist):
+	$(call dist-data,$(sources) $(headers) $(data_dist))
+	$(call meta-automake,../template/Makefile.am)
+	$(call meta-vc9proj,../template/template-vc9.vcproj,$(name)-vc9.vcproj)
+	$(call meta-vc10proj,../template/template-vc10.vcxproj,$(name)-vc10.vcxproj)
+
+# Test.
+#
+$(test): $(driver) $(src_base)/test.std
+	$(call schema)
+	$(call message,test $<,$< --options-file $(dcf_root)/db.options \
+>$(out_base)/test.out)
+	$(call message,,diff -u $(src_base)/test.std $(out_base)/test.out)
+	$(call message,,rm -f $(out_base)/test.out)
+
+# Clean.
+#
+$(clean):                            \
+  $(driver).o.clean                  \
+  $(addsuffix .cxx.clean,$(cxx_obj)) \
+  $(addsuffix .cxx.clean,$(cxx_od))  \
+  $(addprefix $(out_base)/,$(odb_hdr:.hxx=-odb.cxx.hxx.clean))
+	$(call message,,rm -f $(out_base)/test.out)
+
+# Generated .gitignore.
+#
+ifeq ($(out_base),$(src_base))
+$(driver): | $(out_base)/.gitignore
+
+$(out_base)/.gitignore: files := driver $(genf)
+$(clean): $(out_base)/.gitignore.clean
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/git/gitignore.make)
+endif
+
+# How to.
+#
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/dist.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/vc9proj.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/vc10proj.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/meta/automake.make)
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/standard.make) # cxx_standard
+ifdef cxx_standard
+$(gen): odb_options += --std $(cxx_standard)
+$(call include,$(odb_rules))
+endif
+
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/cxx-d.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/cxx-o.make)
+$(call include,$(bld_root)/cxx/o-e.make)
+
+# Dependencies.
+#
+$(call import,$(src_root)/libcommon/makefile)
diff --git a/sqlite/custom/test.hxx b/sqlite/custom/test.hxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea20912
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sqlite/custom/test.hxx
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// file      : sqlite/custom/test.hxx
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : GNU GPL v2; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef TEST_HXX
+#define TEST_HXX
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <odb/core.hxx>
+
+// Map NUMERIC SQLite type to std::string (or any other type that
+// provides the value_traits<?, id_string> specialization). By
+// default ODB treats NUMERIC as REAL. Note also that we don't
+// need to specify to/from conversions since SQLite will convert
+// implicitly.
+//
+#pragma db map type("NUMERIC") as("TEXT")
+
+#pragma db object
+struct object
+{
+  object () {}
+  object (unsigned long id_): id (id_) {}
+
+  #pragma db id
+  unsigned long id;
+
+  #pragma db value_type("NUMERIC")
+  std::vector<std::string> nv;
+
+  bool
+  operator== (const object& y) const
+  {
+    return id == y.id && nv == y.nv;
+  }
+};
+
+#endif // TEST_HXX
diff --git a/sqlite/custom/test.std b/sqlite/custom/test.std
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sqlite/custom/test.std
diff --git a/sqlite/makefile b/sqlite/makefile
index 9e61fc5..a584535 100644
--- a/sqlite/makefile
+++ b/sqlite/makefile
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))../build/bootstrap.make
 
 tests :=      \
 template      \
+custom        \
 native        \
 truncation    \
 types